Utility

General-purpose methods available on every value.

.clone() → same type

Returns an independent deep copy. Assigning with = shares a reference; .clone() does not, so mutating the copy never affects the original.

a = [1, 2, 3]
b = a.clone()
void b.append(4)
log a  // [1, 2, 3] - unchanged

.item(key) → unknown

Reads an element or field dynamically: by 1-based index for arrays/strings, by key for objects. Handy when the key is computed.

arr = [10, 20, 30]
log arr.item(2)      // 20
o = { a: 7 }
log o.item("a")      // 7

.reverse() → same type

Reverses a string or array.

log "abc".reverse()      // "cba"
log [1, 2, 3].reverse()  // [3, 2, 1]

.call(...args) → unknown

Invokes a value that holds a function, passing args.

auto double = x -> x * 2
log double.call(5)  // 10

.match(pattern) → array

Returns the matches of a string against pattern. See also the regex package.

Type assertions (advanced)

These perform a runtime downcast - they do not parse or convert. The value must already be exactly the named type or the program errors.

.assert(type) → type

Asserts the value is type and returns it as that type; errors at runtime if it is not.

.assertElse(type, default) → type

Like .assert, but returns default instead of erroring on a type mismatch.

auto n = "x".assertElse("number", 0)  // 0 - "x" is not a number

These are strict about the underlying type: an integer literal is int, not number, so (123).assert("number") errors. Prefer .toNum() / .toInt() when you want conversion rather than a checked cast.