# If Statements

In the OSL language, `if` statements are pivotal for controlling the flow of a program based on certain conditions. Below is a breakdown of how `if` statements work:

## **Basic `if` Statement:**

The basic `if` statement tests a condition. If the condition is true, the commands within the block are executed. If not, the program moves to the next section.

{% tabs %}
{% tab title="OSL" %}

```javascript
if 10 > 5 (
   log "10 is bigger than 5!"
)
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="JavaScript" %}

```javascript
if (10 > 5) {
   console.log("10 is bigger than 5!")
}
```

{% endtab %}

{% tab title="Python" %}

```python
if 10 > 5:
   print("10 is bigger than 5!")
```

{% endtab %}
{% endtabs %}

## if else Statements

`if-else` statements allow for alternative code blocks to be executed if the condition is false.

**`if-else` Statement:**

If the condition in the `if` statement is true, the commands within the first block are executed. Otherwise, the commands within the `else` block are executed.

Example:

```js
if condition (
   say "command1"
   say "command2"
) else (
   say "command3"
   say "command4"
)
```

## else if Statements

`else-if` statements allow for multiple conditions to be checked sequentially. If one condition is true, the corresponding block of code is executed.

**`else-if` Statement:**

Multiple conditions can be checked using `else-if`. If the condition in the `if` statement is false, the program checks the condition in the `else-if`. If that's true, the corresponding block of commands is executed.

Example:

```js
if condition1 (
   say "command1"
   say "command2"
) else if condition2 (
   say "command3"
   say "command4"
)
```

## Short Forms

Short forms of `if` and `if-else` statements can be used for concise syntax.

### **Short Form of if Statement:**

```js
if condition (;command1;)
```

```js
test_var = "hi"
if 10 > 3 (;say test_var;)
// you can use ; <== to insert a newline into the script after compilation
```

### **Short Form of if-else Statement:**

```js
if condition (;command1;) else (;command2;)
```

#### Additional Information on Conditional Statements (if):

* Conditions can involve logical operators (`and`, `or`, `not`) and comparison operators (`==`, `~=`, `<`, `>`, `<=`, `>=`).
* Conditions can also include function calls that return boolean values.
* `if` statements can be nested within each other to create more complex decision-making structures.

Now, let's look at examples for each type of statement:

## Examples:

### **Basic `if` Statement:**

```js
// Example of a basic if statement
// If the temperature is greater than 25, it's considered a hot day
temperature = 30
if temperature > 25 (
    say "It's a hot day!"
)
```

In this example, the `if` statement checks if the `temperature` variable is greater than 25. If the condition is true, the program executes the commands inside the block, which outputs "It's a hot day!" using the `say` command.

### **`if else` Statement:**

```js
// Example of an if-else statement
// Determines if a person is an adult or a minor based on their age
age = 17

if age >= 18 (
    say "You are an adult."
) else (
    say "You are a minor."
)
```

In this example, the `if-else` statement checks if the `age` variable is greater than or equal to 18. If the condition is true, it outputs "You are an adult." If the condition is false, it outputs "You are a minor."

### **`else if` Statement:**

```js
// Example of an else-if statement
// Assigns a letter grade based on a numerical grade
grade = 85

if grade >= 90 (
    say "You got an A."
) else if grade >= 80 (
    say "You got a B."
) else if grade >= 70 (
    say "You got a C."
) else (
    say "You need to improve your grade."
)
```

In this example, the `else-if` statement checks multiple conditions to determine the letter grade based on the `grade` variable. If the grade is greater than or equal to 90, it outputs "You got an A." If the grade is between 80 and 89, it outputs "You got a B." If the grade is between 70 and 79, it outputs "You got a C." Otherwise, it outputs "You need to improve your grade."


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